Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity

Question: Examine about the Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity. Answer: Presentation: Weight and type 2 diabetes are two of most regular constant issue, influencing the wide scope of people all through the world. The most recent decade encountered the exponential increment of number of individuals experiencing weight alongside its related issue type 2 issue (Qin et al. 2012). Numerous examinations featured that the inactive way of life and expanded utilization of high fat food are driving reason for these two constant issue. Then again, the job of gut microorganisms in keeping the digestive tract sound is additionally known to everybody. Strikingly, these gut microbiota has co-advanced with the development of human species to help the advancing physiology and digestion. The proficiency of digestion relies on the effectiveness of these gut microbiota. It has been uncovered that there are more microscopic organisms in gut (1014) contrasted with all out microorganisms in body (1013). There are roughly 2000 bacterial phylotypes in human digestive tract, the GIT metabolic action is proportionate to the liver (Diamant et al. 2011). The gut microorganisms assume a huge job in digestion just as invulnerable usefulness. The germ free mice, which are naturally introduced to sterile condition has been believed to create poor resistance, poor weight gain, have unusual intestinal morphology and got vulnerable to food borne malady. From the examination, the job of gut microbiota in have digestion, impact in GI tract improvement and blocking pathogens entrance has been uncovered. Be that as it may, the vast majority of the creatures living space is the internal organ; 70 % of them are unculturable. For considering this wide populace of organisms in culture-autonomous way, the 16s rRNA of these microorganisms has been focused in the flurescent i n situ hybridization strategy (Kootte et al. 2012). The sequencing procedure helped in recognizing the 16s rDNA areas of these microscopic organisms. In this manner, to keep up a solid weight, it is significant to deal with microbial selves. Ongoing investigations have shown that gut organisms add to the vitality gather, stockpiling and spending. The procedure stays generally ideal if the measure of vitality removed from the eating regimen is identical to the sum that is utilized in balance support. All the creatures have created keen procedures to secure the vitality stores. The heftiness and type 2 diabetes are portrayed as the poor quality irritation and adjustments in intestinal porousness, which is known as cracked gut (Tremaroli and Bckhed 2012). If there should be an occurrence of heftiness, aggravation is a huge part. As talked about already that human digestive tract incorporate 500 to 1000 microbial species, there are three prevailing bacterial phyla, for example Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In ongoing examinations with the sans germ mice has indicated that sans germ mice, when taken care of with a high-fat eating regimen neglected to put on weight, in any case, the vitality gathering and adiposity, both expanded while reestablishing the gut microbiota in the mice. During the 16s rDNA examination of ob/ob (fat freak) mice demonstrated high number of Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. The investigation likewise indicated that the fat gut microbiota was advanced for metabolic qualities, while the examination demonstrated diminished number of Bacteriodetes in large individual. Bacteriods can use plant polysaccharides as a wellspring of vitality (Wu et al. 2011). Then again, it has additionally been indicated that decent variety in diet advances the high microbial assorted variety, which shields gut from the colonization of hurtful pathogens. The pool of gut organisms might be distinctive in people. Harm to the microbial decent variety at gut advances adiposity. The progressions in microbiota assorted variety is advanced by the anti-microbial treatment or less than stellar eating routine. In lean individuals, the assorted variety of gut microorganisms has been accounted for to be higher, though in hefty individuals, Firmicures are higher in sum, with less decent variety (Blaser 2014). Anti-infection organization has appeared to decrease the assorted variety of gut microbiota, which can recuperate to its typical level following 1 a month, anti-toxin organization appeared to diminish obstruction work. Anti-microbial organization advances weight gain in mice, which is connected with the decrease of gut microorganism pool. In a longitudinal report the outcomes indicated a huge relationship between anti-toxin presentation at under a half year old enough and weight gain at 3 years (Moreno-Indias et al. 2015). Akkermansia muciniphila is an occupant of bodily fluid layer of human intestinal coating, which will in general be less inexhaustible in large individuals. Everard et al. (2013) revealed that this microorganism has a noteworthy job in decreasing aggravation, demonstrating its capability of securing against corpulence and Type 2 diabetes advancement. Investigates found that gut microscopic organisms is a market of type 2 diabetes. Gut microorganisms interfaces with the host through LPS, short chain unsaturated fats and bile acids. The decrease of gut microbes pool prompts diminished gut obstruction work, which thusly prompts the spillage of LPS into the circulatory system, along these lines impacting efficient irritation and adipogenesis. Bacterial endotoxin has a significant job in metabolic aggravation. Because of upgraded penetrability of digestive system or flawed gut, the gut-determined metabolic endotoxaemia can likewise happen, which expands the danger of corpulence related ailments (Everard and Cani 2013). This condition can likewise occur, whenever expanded centralization of bacterial poison LPS enter the blood because of flawed gut, activating aggravation. Examination found that people expending high-fat nourishments have expanded degree of LPS in blood and changed piece of gut microbiota. One investigation indicated jo b of yearning invigorating hormone ghrelin, which is activated by Helicobacter pylori. Studies revealed that end of H. pylori prompts expanded craving and weight gain, indicating the job of H. pylori in ensuring against weight addition and stoutness. In colon a few microbes creates short chain unsaturated fats like butyrate, propionate and acetic acid derivation through aging. Butyrate assumes a key job in supporting intestinal covering uprightness, expanding liquid and electrolyte take-up, advancing blood stream, filling in as vitality hotspot for colon epithelial cells, applying safe metabolic impacts, going about as vitality source just as flagging particle (Everard and Cani 2013). Weight and type 2 diabetes are the consequences of different variables, including high vitality food utilization, age, less physical movement and hereditary components. Analysts have uncovered a few significant realities with respect to the job of gut microbiota in the advancement of these metabolic issue, however contentions exists in regards to the level of commitment of gut microbiota being developed of heftiness and type 2 diabetes. The multifaceted nature of microbiota and its cooperation with the host are making is trying to uncover the most fitting discoveries. Be that as it may, controlling the gut microorganisms by prebiotics, probiotics, changes in diet or radical strategies for fecal microbial transplant have indicated noteworthy accomplishment in stoutness the board, uncovering the connection to the job of gut microbiota in weight and related infections like sort 2 diabetes. Reference List Blaser, M., 2014.Missing organisms. Oneworld Publications. Diamant, M., Blaak, E.E. what's more, De Vos, W.M., 2011. Do nutrientgutmicrobiota cooperations assume a job in human heftiness, insulin opposition and type 2 diabetes?.Obesity Reviews,12(4), pp.272-281. Everard, A. what's more, Cani, P.D., 2013. Diabetes, heftiness and gut microbiota.Best practice research Clinical gastroenterology,27(1), pp.73-83. Everard, A., Belzer, C., Geurts, L., Ouwerkerk, J.P., Druart, C., Bindels, L.B., Guiot, Y., Derrien, M., Muccioli, G.G., Delzenne, N.M. also, De Vos, W.M., 2013. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-actuated obesity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(22), pp.9066-9071. Kootte, R.S., Vrieze, A., Holleman, F., Dallinga?Thie, G.M., Zoetendal, E.G., de Vos, W.M., Groen, A.K., Hoekstra, J.B., Stroes, E.S. also, Nieuwdorp, M., 2012. The restorative capability of controlling gut microbiota in corpulence and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,14(2), pp.112-120. Moreno-Indias, I., Cardona, F., Tinahones, F.J. also, Queipo-Ortuo, M.I., 2015. Effect of the gut microbiota on the advancement of corpulence and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent Disk. Evol. Genomic Microbiol., p.57. Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D. also, Peng, Y., 2012. A metagenome-wide affiliation investigation of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes.Nature,490(7418), pp.55-60. Tremaroli, V. also, Bckhed, F., 2012. Practical communications between the gut microbiota and have metabolism.Nature,489(7415), pp.242-249. Wu, G.D., Chen, J., Hoffmann, C., Bittinger, K., Chen, Y.Y., Keilbaugh, S.A., Bewtra, M., Knights, D., Walters, W.A., Knight, R. what's more, Sinha, R., 2011. Connecting long haul dietary examples with gut microbial enterotypes.Science,334(6052), pp.105-108.

A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay Free Essays

string(161) sentiment of schoolroom vibe would be noted as H ( high ) , F ( jamboree ) , or L ( low ) to check whether schoolroom climate is identified with similitude usage. Section 4 This section depicts a pilot overview directed after the primer study and before the central study. It starts by a concise introduction given in development 4.1, trailed by medicines on the example decision, perception plan and pre and station meeting interviews in region 4. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now 2. Area 4.3 spreads the schoolroom perceptions. Motion cryptography, including the composed content, coding occupations and arrangement, and results of the cryptography are remembered for region 4.4. Conversation and choice focusing on schoolroom perception and allegorical motions are canvassed in development 4.5. The part finishes with the reasonings for the central review investigated in development 4.6. 4.1 About the Pilot Study This pilot overview based on an old minimal graduated table fundamental review ( section 3 ) . The intentions were: ( a ) to see existent clasp schoolroom perception ; ( B ) to validate and better the perception plan and meeting requests ; ( degree Celsius ) to look into whether Chinese music educators utilized allegorical signals and provided that this is true, what these allegories were and where they were utilized ; and ( nutrient D ) to validate and create figurative motion assignment processs. The point of convergence was constrained to music Sessionss in middle schools on the grounds that in the primer review, more illustrations were found from the lesser degree than from the basic degree. The data of this pilot review were interpreted from three general music Sessionss taken by Wang, a music teacher in a middle school in Taiwan. 4.2 Before the Observation 4.2.1 Sample Selection Arranged in an in the middle of to upper-center class suburb of a significant northern city, Wang ‘s school was established in 1988, with 4,268 students and 113 classifications in 2006. It is viewed as a huge school, near to the official standard of 1,299 understudies for each middle school in Taiwan for the school twelvemonth 2005-2006 ( Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education of Taiwan ) . The informations were gathered all in all music classifications with understudies matured somewhere in the range of 12 and 14. Every class contained around 35 understudies, and talk was the solitary kind of cooperation watched. The outcomes of the fundamental review indicated that allegory thickness may vary due to learning content. In this manner the Sessionss watched for this pilot were restricted to music hypothesis, music history, and music handle. Wang ( an anonym ) had gotten her MA in musicology four mature ages aforesaid and since so had been learning music in a similar middle school. Bing truly receptive about taking part in explore and being watched, Wang was one of the extremely first music teachers I reached for the fundamental study. Since so she had been useful in answering my requests and providing me foundation data about the situation of music guidance in middle school degree in Taiwan. After the starter overview, I messaged her to ask her consent for me to come in her schoolroom and video-record a couple of Sessionss, and she consented to participate. Music exercises structure part of the Humanistic orders and Humanities class in middle schools in Taiwan ( see region 2.4.1 ) , and subsequently music, humanistic trains, and executing humanistic controls divide one content release. â€Å" The humanistic controls development dealings about using diverse colorss to represent the four seasons, and the music region exchanges about Vivaldi. So it happened to me that it ‘s a decent opportunity to give a discussion on the Baroque age and present Vivaldi ‘s The Four Seasons to them, † ( Wang, pilot talk with 2 ) . At the clasp when this examination was composed, MOE of Taiwan did non gracefully one â€Å" standard † form of the content release, and schools were allowed to take the rendition they liked. Wang in this manner all the time planned the substance of her exercises. â€Å" The content version references nil about the Baroque age so I make my ain PowerPoint slides to help understudies set up the foundation cognizance † ( Wang, a similar meeting ) . Instructors are permitted to re-mastermind the request for the guidance substance and set related things together. In certain schools, music educators need to get the hang of executing humanistic orders, yet this was non the case in Wang ‘s school, where there were three single teachers for the three plane classs: music, humanistic trains, and executing humanistic controls. 4.2.2 Observation Schedule and Interviews After Wang consented to participate in the review, I disclosed to her about the exploration through electronic mail. She comprehended that the exploration was about schoolroom talk and consequently recommended me to put the perception cut at a hebdomad after the mid-term test, when she was roughly to introduce the Baroque age to her understudies. One month before the schoolroom perception, Wang and I met to talk which classes to recognize, including when I ought to get, where I ought to sit and how best to set up the account establishment. In add-on, Wang roughly clarified what kind of schoolroom exercises would be included and what she expected to realize. Wang was informed that the review was concerning schoolroom talk and the idea was to identify a meeting with each piece a lot of talk required as could reasonably be expected. She thus recommended Sessionss primarily covering music history and music handle. This gathering is classed as pilot talk with 1 ( for increasingly inside i nformations, see Appendix B ) . An ongoing perception plan was planned, with a purpose of partner the schoolroom exercises and similitude utilization. As can be seen from the plan ( see Appendix C ) , both beginning and terminal occasions of the exercises should have been determined and during every movement, runs of allegories and motions should have been made, with the goal that I could procure an essential feeling of where bunchs of illustrations and signals most as often as possible happened ( however in the occasion it demonstrated about outlandish for me to number them during classifications, something which will be examined in this way in 4.6.1 ) . In add-on, the perception plan secured: organization of the class, stuffs, and instruments utilized, and the etymological correspondence utilized by the teacher and understudies. A general sentiment of schoolroom feeling would be noted as H ( high ) , F ( festival ) , or L ( low ) to check whether schoolroom climate is identified with allegory utilization. You rea d A Pilot Study On Classroom Observation Education Essay in classification Article models A subsequent meeting ( pilot talk with 2 ) with Wang was directed in the wake of recognizing the three Sessionss. The vis-à-vis semistructured meet took topographic point in Wang ‘s music schoolroom during her interference, suffering 42 proceedingss. Once more, I was allowed to enter it, and at a similar clasp made notes while Wang was talking. A rundown of data or requests I intended to look for or ask, interpreted from Chinese ( the semantic correspondence utilized during the meeting ) into English is affixed ( Appendix D ) . In the meetings, data was looked for about Wang ‘s instructive foundation and working experience, and requests secured how Wang arranged for the classification and meant to explain new develops, how Wang contemplated similitudes and motions, and on the off chance that she utilized them to help her Teach. Mandarin Chinese was utilized all through the meeting. Notice that the Numberss are for the accommodation of creating up the investigation ; the requests were asked with no particular request. During the meeting with Wang, the above subjects were secured. To Wang, illustration helped the understudies to connect music and their everyday beneficial encounters. She gave an outline of the feathered creatures, Canis familiariss, spring air ebb and flow, and summer blast in Vivaldi ‘s The Four Seasons. Notwithstanding, she did non ordinarily decipher music in her ain way when presenting or delineating it-† I only deciphered the music in the way which the author set apart on the music original copy † ( Wang, pilot talk with 2 ) . Albeit in general the meetings went great, it was understood that a few requests were exorbitantly broad and more requests about analogy and motions were required. Detailss are talked about in 4.6.1. 4.3 During the Observation For the principal meeting, I entered the music schoolroom with Wang around 15 proceedingss before the meeting started. Wang revealed to me that in light of the constrained Numberss of music schoolrooms, music educators in her school needed to take twists using them. It was Wang ‘s curve to hold one of the music study halls that semester and subsequently she was permitted to stay in the room trusting that the understudies will get. The abundance cut demonstrated utile from the purpose of position of puting up the image hardware. The central hardware in the music schoolroom incorporated a piano, an electronic piano, a writing slate with clean melodic staff, a LCD projector, a DVD member, and a couple of traditional instrumentalists ‘ depictions and delineations of instruments on the dividers, and so on. Wang needed to gracefully her ain PC. Figure 4.1 outlines the format of the schoolroom where the three watched Sessionss took topographic point. The two dark circles on the top presentation show where the image recording hardware was put and where I sat. The image recording gear began to enter when the students began to stroll into the schoolroom. It was non killed until the classification was excused and the schoolroom was vacant. Neither the teacher ‘s nor the students ‘ seats were moved. As a nonparticipant examine specialist, I attempted t

Liability for personal injuries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obligation for individual wounds - Essay Example In the given model, the deal entered by the vehicle vendor (vender) and Smith (purchaser) contained an arrangement wherein the dealer explicitly disavows any risk for individual wounds caused to the purchaser, because of deformities in the vehicle and restricting the solution for break of guarantee to fix or substitution of the faulty part. Things being what they are, one month in the wake of buying the vehicle, Smith was truly harmed when the vehicle turned off the street and fell into a discard because of an imperfection in the directing instrument of the car.â Here, the constraint given to the Smith to recoup from a break of guarantee for individual injury or for the fix or substitution of the flawed piece of the vehicle ought to be pronounced as unconscionable by the court. Along these lines, the agreement disclaimer will be ignored by the court and will permit the purchaser to recuperate harms from the vender, in light of the penetrate of guarantee for the individual injury en dured by purchaser. An individual who is harmed by a faulty item can look for recuperation for harms dependent on break of guarantee.

Fewer numbers without language - Emphasis

Less numbers without language Less numbers without language The individuals who consider themselves to be as number individuals than word individuals may be shocked to discover that their comprehension of numbers is really reliant on language. New research has discovered that, without language, it is difficult to appropriately appreciate bigger amounts. The discoveries originate from an examination, distributed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, of a hard of hearing network in Nicaragua. With no information on Spanish or formal gesture based communication, these individuals have made their own marking framework; yet it doesnt incorporate jargon for numbers. This is in spite of the way that they live and work in a numerate society. During the tests, individuals from the gathering regularly forgot about explicit numbers over three. In one test, members were approached to react to taps on the hand by tapping a similar sum back, yet they would in general be out by a couple. Theyre not uncontrollably off, says Elizabet Spaepen, the lead analyst. They can rough amounts, yet they dont have a method of getting to the specific number. In spite of the fact that people have been appeared to have an intrinsic numerical comprehension, we are just normally proficient at seeing little numbers and evaluating enormous ones. We need words so as to overcome that issue. What language does is give you a methods for connecting up our little, careful number capacities with our enormous surmised number capacities, says Daniel Casasanto, an analyst at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands. What's more, we wouldnt be the place we are today without this imperative connection. It has been the device that offered ascend to the general public we live in, Casasanto says. The high rises we work in and the PCs that were chatting on right now these things are conceivable due to correct huge number and people capacity to control them. An interesting point next time youre dealing with your portfolio, adjusting your checkbook, or sharing out MMs in the workplace.

Playing Video Games in College

Playing Video Games in College In college, stress will sometimes be at a max. You have to find an escape that is healthy and can take your mind off of the homework and things that are on your plate. While there are a myriad of ways to take the stress off, I have recently found that video games are a brilliant way to get away from it all. Around a week ago, I went out and bought the Nintendo Switch because why not? Although the excitement for the new console was the main attraction, I had found that playing the Switch makes me more productive and ready to take on the next task at hand. Not only has playing the Switch taken some collegiate stress off, but I feel that it helps with focus, too. All of this has been accomplished by playing a little bit everyday. Whether it is video games or really anything else that is healthy and energizing, every college student should find an outlet for relaxation. Its an essential part of what makes a well-rounded college experience. So, long story short, dont be afraid to explore what makes you happy and will help you to have the college experience youre looking for. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

Common App Essay Prompts to Rock Your College Application

If your student is filling out the Common Application for college, they are going to encounter the Common App essay section. Here, students are presented with a group of prompts, giving them direction as they write.By choosing the right Common App essay prompt, your student can rock their college application. To help them along the way, heres what they need to know about the Common Application essay.What is the Common App Essay?When your student fills out the Common Application for college, they will have an opportunity to write a personal essay to go along with the other information in their profile. A personal essay isnt like an academic essay. Instead of showcasing their knowledge of a topic, personal essays allow students to share details about themselves, their life, their perspective, their struggles, and their triumphs.Students who write a Common App personal essay are seizing an opportunity to tell their story. The goal is to give the admissions department insight into who th ey are and why they would make an excellent addition to that schools student body. Through the Common App essay, schools have a chance to get to know the applicants, and that helps them make smart admissions decisions.What Are Common App Essay Prompts?When a student fills out the Common App for college, there is a writing section in the application. In that area, students will find essay prompts, a group of preselected topics that The Common Application (the non-profit organization behind the Common App) believes will help colleges make sound admissions decisions.Students can choose the prompt they feel best showcases why a college admissions department should want them to attend. This gives the applicant a degree of power, ensuring they have a chance to tell their story. After writing an essay to align with one of the prompts, that essay can be submitted along with the other details in their Common Application profile.What is the Common App Essay Word Limit?There isnt a hard-and-fa st word limit for the Common App essay. However, The Common Application recommends staying around the 650-word mark.Usually, 650 words gives students a reasonable opportunity to craft a comprehensive response, ensuring they can convey their story without having to cut any beneficial details. The recommended Common App essay word limit also helps to keep students from getting too wordy, essentially encouraging them to write a thorough yet concise piece that is designed to be as impactful as possible.Is the Common Application Essay Mandatory?Technically, the Common Application essay isnt mandatory. Students dont have to write one to complete the must-do portions of their profiles.However, that doesnt mean a Common App essay wont be required by many of the schools. If your student wants to apply to a college that makes the essay a must-submit part of the application, then it is mandatory if your student wants to be considered for admission there.Additionally, even if it isnt required, that doesnt mean your student shouldnt write a Common Application essay. Your student can include it in their application to any school, and it may increase their odds of being accepted if it is well written and helps them stand out from other applicants. While the essay would be considered optional in this scenario, its usually best to submit it.Do the Common Application Essay Prompts Change Each Year?While the Common App essay prompts for the 2019-2020 application year are the same as the ones used in 2018-2019, that doesnt mean the questions always remain the same. The prompts can change from one period to the next, so students dont want to make assumptions about the topic ahead of the official prompt announcement.However, in early 2019, the Common App blog did discuss the reasoning behind the decision to keep the previous years prompts. It highlighted the fact that the current ones gave students a significant amount of flexibility, making it easier for them to tell their story w hile meeting the Common Application requirements. Additionally, it mentioned the benefit of students being able to roll over accounts from the 2018-2019 period, ensuring that planning and preparation for the new batch of applications were easier to manage.Common App Essay Topics for 2019-2020 ApplicationsFor 2019-2020, students completing the Common App essay have seven prompts to choose from, giving them the ability to select a topic they feel they can best address. Here is a look at the prompts.1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.This prompt gives students an opportunity to discuss a passion of theirs or a bit about their history. It can be big or small, as long as it is meaningful.2. The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setb ack, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?If overcoming an obstacle shaped your student in a fundamental way, this is a prompt that allows them to discuss that specific part of their story.3. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?This College App essay question is all about beliefs and ideologies. Its one of the harder prompts to use, as keeping the essay positive and avoiding preachiness is challenging. But it can also give your student a chance to discuss something deeply personal.4. Describe a problem youve solved or a problem youd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution.With this question, students can showcase their problem-solving skills, passions, an d perspective. It can also give your student room to be creative or highlight a unique idea.5. Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others.This prompt gives students a chance to discuss anything that helped them grow as a person, no matter how big or small the catalyst may seem to be.6. Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?Here, students can focus on their passions and interests. Additionally, it gives them a chance to discuss their motivations as well as provide insights into how they learn.7. Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one youve already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design.If your student wants to discuss something that isnt covered in a prompt above, heres an option for them. It provi des the utmost flexibility, ensuring any student can tell their story, no matter what it is.How to Write a Great Common App EssayWriting a great Common App essay doesnt happen by accident. Instead, it requires a bit of time, energy, and planning.Start with Self-ReflectionAfter reading the Common App essay prompts, your student should take a moment to reflect on each one. Doing a little bit of brainstorming can help them identify points they would cover if they moved forward with various prompts. Then, it may be easier to choose one that they feel allows them to best share their story in a meaningful way.Get OrganizedOnce your student chooses a topic, they need to organize their thoughts. Usually, its wise to write down the main ideas they want to cover. In most cases, each point will be its own body paragraph, which will be comprised of a few sentences each.Next, they can consider how they want to transition between the points, making the essay cohesive and coherent. Readability is essential in an essay, so the main ideas need to be presented in an order that seems logical. Additionally, they need to use clever segues to shift from one point to the next, creating additional flow.Write a DraftAfter figuring out what they want to cover, its time for your student to write. During the first draft phase, its more important to get their thoughts expressed than to avoid errors. Its allowed to be rough, so your student should let their passion guide them while respecting their original outline.If they want to be particularly engaging, they should use the show, dont tell approach. Typically, this involves using a storytelling style, sharing examples and scenarios that convey the message. Its all about painting a word picture, making it easy for the reader to visualize what occurred.Additionally, your student should favor active voice, as it is more likely to keep the readers interest. Its also smart to avoid clichs, as these are overused and are considered tired.Review and RefineAfter the initial draft is written, its time to edit. Your student should review the essay and refine it.At this stage, focusing on being clear and using excellent grammar, punctuation, and spelling is wise. A muddied message or veering off-topic isnt going to impress an admissions committee. Similarly, spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors dont make a great impression. They need to review the essay to see if changes create better flow and to fix any mistakes.At times, reading the essay out loud can be beneficial. Often, its easier to hear a problem than to spot it while reading. Using text-to-speech software can be helpful as well, as your student can listen for issues.Your student may also want to get an outside opinion at this juncture. Its often hard for students to examine their essay objectively, so asking someone they trust like a teacher, guidance counselor, or tutor to lend a hand isnt a bad idea.Save the Common App Essay ResponseOnce the essay is reviewed and refined, your student needs to save it, ensuring it is a part of their Common App profile. Then, they can submit it along with their applications with just a simple click or two.While preparing a Common App essay takes time and energy, this little piece of writing can make a big difference. Thats why its worth doing, even if a college doesnt require it. After all, standing out from the crowd is critical during the college admissions process, giving your student a stronger chance of getting into their first-choice college.

Amu Math 302 Midterm - 2158 Words

Question 1 of 20 | 1.0 Points | | MATH302_Midterm.xls | 30 KB | The worksheet â€Å"Insurance† in the Excel workbook MATH302_Midterm.xls, which is attached, contains data on the percentage of people without health insurance coverage. These data are based on samples taken in 2004 for the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Use these data to answer questions 1 through 4.On average, what percentage of the people in the fifty states and the District of Columbia does not have health insurance? Place your answer, rounded to 2 decimal places, in the blank. 14.15 Do not use a percent sign. For example, 17.76 would be a legitimate entry. Answer Key: 13.00|15.00 | Question 2 of 20 | 1.0 Points | | MATH302_Midterm.xls | 30 KB | The†¦show more content†¦You have a choice of five appetizers, ten entrees, three beverages, and six desserts. How many possible complete dinners are possible? Place your answer, as a whole number—no decimal places—in the blank. For example 176 would be a legitimate entry 900 Answer Key: 900 | Question 8 of 20 | 1.0 Points | | The Big Triple at the local racetrack consists of picking the correct order of finish of the first three horses in the ninth race. If there are 12 horses entered in today’s ninth race, how many Big Triple outcomes are possible? Place your answer, as a whole number—no decimal places—in the blank. For example 667 would be a legitimate entry. 1320 Answer Key: 1320 | Question 9 of 20 | 1.0 Points | | In February 2002 the Argentine peso lost 70% of its value compared to the United States dollar. This devaluation drastically raised the price of imported products. According to a survey conducted by AC Nielsen in April 2002, 68% of the consumers in Argentina were buying fewer products than before the devaluation, 24% were buying the same number of products, and 8% were buying more products. Furthermore, in a trend toward purchasing less-expensive brands, 88% indicated that they had changed the brands they purchased. Suppose the following complete set of results were reported. Use the following data to answer questions 9 through 12. | Number of Products Purchased | | Brands Purchased | Fewer | Same | More | Total | Same | 10 | 14 | 24

Soweto Student Uprising - 16 June, 1976

When high-school students in Soweto started protesting for better education on 16 June 1976, police responded with teargas and live bullets. It is commemorated today by a South African national holiday, Youth day, which honors all the young people who lost their lives in the struggle against Apartheid and Bantu Education.   In 1953 the Apartheid Government enacted The Bantu Education Act, which established a Black Education Department in the Department of Native Affairs. The role of this department was to compile a curriculum that suited the nature and requirements of the black people. The author of the legislation, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd (then Minister of Native Affairs, later Prime Minister), stated: Natives [blacks] must be taught from an early age that equality with Europeans [whites] is not for them. Black people were not to receive an education that would lead them to aspire to positions they wouldnt be allowed to hold in society. Instead they were to receive education designed to provide them with skills to serve their own people in the homelands or to work in laboring jobs under whites. Bantu Education did enable more children in Soweto to attend school than the old missionary system of education, but there was a severe lack of facilities. Nationally public to teacher ratios went up from 46:1 in 1955 to 58:1 in 1967. Overcrowded classrooms were used on a rota basis. There was also a lack of teachers, and many of those who did teach were underqualified. In 1961, only 10 per cent of black teachers held a matriculation certificate [last year of high school]. Because of the governments homelands policy, no new high schools were built in Soweto between 1962 and 1971 -- students were meant to move to their relevant homeland to attend the newly built schools there. Then in 1972 the government gave in to pressure from business to improve the Bantu Education system to meet businesss need for a better trained black workforce. 40 new schools were built in Soweto. Between 1972 and 1976 the number of pupils at secondary schools increased from 12,656 to 34,656. One in five Soweto children were attending secondary school. This increase in secondary school attendance had a significant effect on youth culture. Previously, many young people spent the time between leaving primary school and obtaining a job (if they were lucky) in gangs, which generally lacked any political consciousness. But now secondary school students were forming their own, much more politicized identity. Clashes between gangs and students only furthered the sense of student solidarity. In 1975 South Africa entered a period of economic depression. Schools were starved of funds -- the government spent R644 a year on a white childs education but only R42 on a black child. The Department of Bantu Education then announced it was removing the Standard 6 year from primary schools. Previously, in order to progress to Form 1 of secondary school, a pupil had to obtain a first or second-degree pass in Standard 6. Now the majority of pupils could proceed to secondary school. In 1976, 257,505 pupils enrolled in Form 1, but there was space for only 38,000. Many of the students therefore remained at primary school. Chaos ensued. The African Students Movement, founded in 1968 to voice student grievances, changed its name in January 1972 to the South African Students Movement (SASM) and pledged itself to building a national movement of high school students who would work with the Black Consciousness (BC) organization at black universities, the South African Students Organisation (SASO). This link with BC philosophies is significant as it gave students an appreciation for themselves as black people and helped politicize students. So when the Department of Education issued its decree that Afrikaans was to become a language of instruction at school, it was into an already volatile situation. Students objected to being taught in the language of the oppressor. Many teachers themselves could not speak Afrikaans, but were now required to teach their subjects in it. Part 2: Students organize a protest For more on the 2015 commeorations see:  16 June 2015,  Day of the African Child This article, June 16th Student Uprising (http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/Soweto-Uprising-Pt1.htm), is an updated version of the article which first appeared on About.com on 8 June 2001.

The Tragic Flaw of Hamlet Essay - 792 Words

The Tragic Flaw of Hamlet One of the greatest works in literature, Shakespeares Hamlet has been the topic of controversial discussion ever since it was written. The controversies range from Is Hamlet truly mad, to Is Hamlet really in love with Ophelia. The most intriguing topic of discussion though, is Hamlets fatal flaw. As in all Shakespearean works, there is always a tragic hero. This hero is always the person that the audience comes to love, however every tragic hero has to have some kind of a tragic flaw that eventually leads to his downfall. Many critics have different ideas of what Hamlets flaw is, some believe it is his procrastination, others his deep moral sensibility, or his high idealism, and so on. These†¦show more content†¦After this soliloquy, Shakespeare then goes right into the supernatural meeting between Hamlet and the ghost of Hamlets dead father. What the ghost tells him is what the rest of the play is centered around. The death and unnatural murder of his father must be avenged by Hamlet. The way to seek revenge is to take the life of the one that took his fathers life, so in essence killing him. Hamlet must now deal with death in its entirety until he avenges his fathers death, and the only way to do that is by causing more death. The whole escapade of his dead father coming back to tell him all this causes Hamlet to think about death like no other. He has now experienced a real ghost coming back from beyond the grave; this heightens Hamlets curiosity about death, and causes him to contemplate it even more. The personal relationships that have gone bitter are almost as devastating to Hamlet as the physical appearance of a ghost. The relationship between his mother and he are dead, because she married his uncle. Hamlet now feels that no one can understand the agony he is going through due to his fathers death. Ophelia, the love of his life has respected her fathers decision to stay away from Hamlet.Show MoreRelatedHamlet As A Tragic Flaws1515 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary characters have flaws of some kind as this gives them a three dimensional quality. However, in the case of fatally flawed characters, these flaws are so deeply formed that they are doomed to failure and demise. In William Shakespeare s Hamlet, a tragedy, the majority of the characters are doomed or flawed in some way that ultimately results in their failure. Through his portrayal of several secondary characters, Shakespeare proves that all humans possess a tragic flaw in their nature whichRead MoreHamlets Tragic Flaw Essay692 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet#8217;s Tragic Flaw It is better not to put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Many consequences can arise when one procrastinates. An example of this is found in Shakespeare#8217;s Hamlet through the depiction of the central character. Although Hamlet is characterized as daring, brave, loyal, and intelligent, he is overwhelmed by his own conscience. The tragic hero is defined as one whose downfall is brought about due to their tragic flaw. Hamlet#8217;s inability to actRead MoreHamlet Tragic Flaw Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is considered one of the greatest tragedies ever written, and it has sparked a few controversial discussions amongst critics, the most intriguing topic being Hamlet’s ‘tragic flaw’. It was A.C. Bradley who popularised this concept of a ‘tragic flaw’ which was translated and based around Aristotle’s model of tragedy. He suggests that the reason Hamlet delayed the act of avenging his fatherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s murder was due to possessing a tragic flaw; the inability to act. Whereas, criticRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Oedipus And Hamlet1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe tragic flaw of a human being is usually checked with the method he or she reacts with to the circumstances that life throws upon him or her. Contemporary society appears to be fixated on giving gatherings of people cases of such individuals who, in spite of the affliction of their lives, that still transcend. In fact, maybe nobody is more fit for indicating triumph over struggles than Sophocles and William Shakespeare. In both Oedipus and Hamlet, for example, the primary characters struggle withRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare774 Words   |  4 PagesA tragic flaw is a deficiency in a person that brings them sorrow and misery. A high percentage of individuals have some type of tragic flaw that earns them misery, wether it be a relatively small issue like being a tad lazy, or something bigger like showing open contempt for others. Both these flaws are a detriment to individuals and will hinder them in their lives. In the play, Hamlet there are a number of characters that have tragic flaws, including Gertrude and her inability to be loyal andRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1399 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet is a moral that rings true today: do not involve others with your own problems. In Hamlet, Shakespeare s utilization of hamartia and tragedy brings the overall moral into light in a dramatized manner. The two are especially prominent near the climax and finale of the play. Hamartia appears first, as it deals with the leading male of the story, and actually aids in the deliverance of tragedy in the final scene of Act V. Hamartia is a literary device Shakespeare uses in Hamlet; the mainRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1734 Words   |  7 PagesJacqueline Borutski ENG4U Mr. Froome April 11, 2016 The Tragic Overuse of Logic in Hamlet Logic is man s most valuable asset; it is what pushed humanity past other species and helped develop humankind into what it is today. Without such logic and reasoning, humanity would not have evolved into the strongest and most powerful beings alive. It is what has enabled us to dominate the world, create civilization, unlock the secrets of the universe through math and science and reveal the true natureRead MoreThe Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesThe Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet With Hamlet being generally labeled as the best tragic hero ever created, it is ironic that his tragic flaw has never been as solidly confirmed as those of most of his fellow protagonists. There is Macbeth with his ambition, Oedipus with his pride, Othello with his jealousy, and all the others with their particular odd spots. Then there is Hamlet. He has been accused of everything and of nothing, and neither seems to stick. Flaws areRead More Hamlets Hesitation as his Tragic Flaw in Hamlet by Shakespeare797 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Hesitation as his Tragic Flaw in Hamlet by Shakespeare In the play Hamlet, Hamlet is described as daring, brave, loyal, and intelligent. However, he is always consumed by his own thoughts, this being his tragic flaw. There are numerous times Hamlet does not act when he should, like his inability to act on his fathers murder, his mothers marriage, and his uncles assuming of the throne. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder, says the ghost of Hamlet. The fact that his ownRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare648 Words   |  3 PagesTo be, or not to be, or maybe just to pretend to be – Hamlet - make up your mind already! Before discussing Hamlet’s hamartia, please let me say that Hamlet is one of my all-time favorite plays. Yes, it is tragic. Yes, they all fall in the end. But, good lord, what action! So, what is this shortcoming the unfortunate Hamlet possesses that brings about his undeserved end? Before discussing the frailty of this tragic hero, let us examine the word, hamartia, used by Aristotle in â€Å"The Poetics†. Hamartia

Self Assessment Reflection Paper - 632 Words

Self Assessment Reflection Paper Yvonne Johnson-Cane Wilmington University Self Assessment Reflection Paper In the Tests and Measurements class we were given an assignment to complete several assessment tests. These tests included: 1) The Simple Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, 2) Barsch Learning Style Inventory, 3) Career Decision Profile, and 4) Winward Community College Trio Program Study Habits Inventory. As I proceeded to respond to the questions on the tests I kept a few things in mind. I tried to stay focused and answer as honestly and accurately as possible. As discussed, the results of such tests rely heavily on the honesty of the answers. At times, I felt a bit overwhelmed because I was unsure of some of my answers. I felt†¦show more content†¦Receiving my assessment results, my scores were 28% visual, 24% auditory and 20% kinesthetic. My visual and auditory scores were very close, so I also feel that these go hand and hand. They work together to give me a more complete learning experience. Even though my kinesthetic score was the lowest, I feel that I also have a need to write things down or be hands on with some activities. This helps me when I am trying to learn how something works. I would score this test high in psychometric quality. I consider it to be a â€Å"good test† because it measured what it claimed it would measure and the conclusions that were drawn were appropriate making it valid (Miller, 2011). The purpose and nature of this assessment was very clear. I understood what the test was measuring, what it was predicting and the format. I felt the questions were consistent and easy to understand. I didn’t feel that any of the assessments were bias in any way. I personally felt that there were no ethical issues involved. They didn’t have any questions that directly interfered with your personal life or discriminated in any way. The questions were clear and easy to understand and the results that I received were given a clear explanation. This assignment was very interesting and it giv es me a better understanding to the importance and the foundations of psychological assessments. I see how the results of such tests can result in an individual’s decision making or their future. TheseShow MoreRelatedReflection On Self Assessment Reflection Paper961 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Assessment Reflection Paper I have used the feedback to deepen my learning and improved the learning product I submitted by listing and understanding what my instructor have given me through our discussion about the homework assignments. I have taken that information constructively to make sure that the paper I will be submitting is concise and sound conveying the information properly in the APA format making the submitting assignment free from grammatical errors to best of my ability. ForRead MoreSelf Assessment Reflection Paper1684 Words   |  7 Pagesbe honest, before attending this class, I am very proud of my past performance and even self-definite to be a manager at the age of twenty-three, and as my boss/father would say, that I am being the right person doing right things and in right ways, though most often trying to be as humble as possible while wearing workout clothes to our small office in DTC. However, after finishing the Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS), as well as comparing th e result with the reports from the PAMSRead MoreSelf-Assessment and Reflection of a Visual Learner1693 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Assessment and Reflection of a Visual Learner Marcia Weaver COM/516 May 6, 2012 Denise Corso Abstract In this paper, I take the reader through my search and the processes I went through as a visual learner to decide on my choice of instruction, online or traditional. 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Assessment of learning objectives is beneficial to both the student and the institutionRead MoreThe Negotiations : Strategy And Practice Coursework1630 Words   |  7 PagesScope of the Essay This paper presents my reflections on the Negotiations: Strategy and practice coursework in the MBA program at Said Business School, University of Oxford. My paper will present various reflections on different themes of negotiation simulation undertaken by me during the course. This course has allowed investigating and reflecting on key drivers of negotiation techniques for me. I have learned that transparency and coalition are the core tenet of negotiation for me. For the purposeRead MoreAssessment And The Myers Briggs Indicator Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four specific assessments that we will be discussed in this paper. These include Campbell Interest Skill Survey, Strong Interest Skill Survey, Self-Directed Search, and the Myers-Briggs Indicator. 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Hospitality Information Technology Strategy Free Essays

string(33) " a social tool of communication\." 1. Hotel utilise e- commerce very effectively for procurement purpose. They purchase essential products necessary for the daily running of the hotel via online websites. We will write a custom essay sample on Hospitality Information Technology Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would like consider Costa coffee Heathrow in my case study as I am working there presently and it is very much suitable for this case study. The website which Costa uses to purchase its essential products for daily running of the business are: * www. geometric-furniture. co. uk * www. kn-portal. com * www. caterwide. com * www. incorporatewear. com * www. coffeecreation. co. uk * www. bunzlcatering. o. uk Geometric furniture – Geometric Furniture is a design led manufacturer of high quality contract furniture. Established over 40 years ago, Geometric has become one of the UK’s leading contract furniture suppliers. It supplies to number of company like Odeon cinema, Costa Coffee, Oxo Tower, The Warehouse, Ronald Mc Donald house. The best thing about this company is that they deliver they service by themselves, inform their client beforehand about its features. Delivered the product on time without fail and do understand the important of deadline and reliability. Kuehne + Nagel – has got a new contract to manage the distribution of food supply on behalf of Whitbread plc, which is the UK’s largest hotel and restaurant group. Costa has taken the decision to fully outsource its food logistics activities to Kuehne + Nagel because they agreed to undertake delivery of chilled and ambient products to over 700 Costa Coffee outlets seven days per week, and delivery of frozen, chilled and ambient products. The contract is for 5 years and in addition with that Kuehne + Nagel will operate a customer call centre on behalf of Whitbread and manage the ordering of products from designated suppliers. Caterwide – As one of the UK’s largest and fastest growing coffee shop brands, Costa Coffee has been using Torex Inn Touch POS and Caterwide for the past ten years to drive strategic initiatives around cash management, suggested ordering, stock control, labour management and reporting and business processes. One of the key advantages of the Torex solution is that it integrates with Costa Coffee’s loyalty programme, the Costa Coffee Club, whereby customers can collect points when they buy food and drink which can be redeemed against future purchases. Incorporatewear – Incorporatewear, the UK’s premier corporate clothing provider, has been percolating a piece of new business over the past 12 months and is now delighted to pour out the details of its recently signed contract to supply Costa Coffee. Incorporatewear only work with the highest quality materials and the Costa range is no different with shirts and aprons being manufactured from premium poly/cotton fabrics and provides the uniforms for 16,000 Baristas and staff. There are two companies of Whitbread plc which are under the umbrella of incorporatewear that Costa coffee and premier inn. The benefits of it are, advanced call centre telephone system, dedicated client contact number, instant query resolution, experienced team. Bunzl catering supply – is the upcoming leading distributor of non- food consumable to hospitality and catering sector in the UK, it got 10 branches all over the UK provide a responsive and a flexible local service. at each branch they got dedicated customer service team which has good understanding of local business need and provide outstanding customer care from points of order through delivery. We can place order through telephone, fax, email and online as well which include an image catalogue, fast orders, regular buys, and saved basket. when the order has been placed the following information is readily available to them: full customer details including delivery address previous purchase history authorised product list real time stock availability pack sizes and product descriptions Coffee creation (prima coffee service ltd) – has been supplying high quality coffee product from more than 12 years with a passion for quality and attention to details. It’s very easy to place an order with coffee creation; it takes you through each step, finding the item you would like to buy, add the item to your shopping basket, proceeding to checkout, sigh in, enter your details, check and submit your order, provide payment information, get email as the confirmation, tracking down the order. Sometimes they send product for sampling if requested and the customer of coffee creation are cafe Nero, Costa coffee, coffee republic. 2. Critically evaluate your organisation’s website. Discuss its strong and weak points. How user friendly is it? Is it functionality adequate? Put yourself In place of someone who is unfamiliar with the organization. Does it enhance the reputation and encourage further contact? Webpage are the most inexpensive and the most effective way to promote any business especially in coffee shops people are looking for new shops in their neighbourhood and while travelling often start their search on internet. More than half of the marketing job is done if completely describing your cafe on webpage. The website of Costa coffee is quite eye appealing and attractive to customers. It matches the same colours and fonts on their web site as they do in their cafe. By using just the 2,3 colours, consistent fonts and easy navigation it stimulates the cafe itself. Some basic thing which a webpage must have it are, location, opening hours, photo gallery, about the business, menu, and press release. Out of all this Costa coffee explains its business, update press release, latest picture of the product, location of all the stores with opening and closing hours, address 5. What is social media? Identify three different types of social media how they can be of benefit for hotel industry. Social Media is the use of internet-based programs to make interaction with friends, family, classmates, customers and clients. It can be done for social purposes, business purposes or both. The appropriate way to define social media is to split it into two parts, social and media. Media is a tool of communication, like a newspaper or a radio, so social media would be a social tool of communication. You read "Hospitality Information Technology Strategy" in category "Papers" This social tool of communication doesn’t just give the information but interact with you while giving that information. Interaction may be like asking you for to comment in any particular thing, or letting you vote on any article or asking you to rate any movie etc. Social media is a new form of interacting people that allows anyone to become a source of information through new technologies that doesn’t need any previous experience. It also allows the audience to be the author and author to be the audience. Anyone can experience the interaction for free as long as they have internet connection. The popular site of social media includes Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Flickr and many others. These sites all allow users to post information that can then be commented on, followed or enjoyed by larger social groups and peers. Many Hotels are investing on its use to target market demographic groups or to break through to new potential customers. Now Days mostly all the hotel have Facebook pages and are adding facebookers as friends in an effort to attract new customers and build brand loyalty. There are restaurants that are tweeting out daily specials and/or coupons to give as a gift to their followers. Facebook- one of the most popular of social networking sites which allows users to sign up and add friends and social groups, post information, comment on that information, post photos and become fans of various items or company or group. Hotels create their facebook page to add their customer, to target new market, they post photos of the some special event occurred in hotel and tag their friends (customer), by tagging photo a friend of friends, who is known to the hotel can get to know about the hotel and his or her friend whereabouts. Through this hotel make new customer with the help of Facebook. Example – some Marriott hotels use their Facebook pages to communicate with guests about local and hotel events. (USA Today) Twitter: This is a free social networking and micro blogging service that enables its users to send and read messages known as tweets. Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the author’s profile page and delivered to the author’s subscribers who are known as followers. Senders can restrict delivery to those in their circle of friends or, by default, allow open access. Elmore 2010) Twitter also allows hotel employees to start conversations with guests; even a tweet as simple as â€Å"Hope you’re enjoying your stay! † which give a personalized touch that some guests really appreciate that. Hyatt and Hilton hotels are using Twitter as a virtual concierge service to which guests can â€Å"tweet† queries and expect responses within the hour. (USA Today) Youtube : A very popular and free video-sharing  Web site  that allows registered users to upload and share their video clips online at the YouTube. om Web site. To view the videos you are not required to register but to upload the video you need to register with your email accounts. It allows billions of people to browse, watch and share originally-created videos. It creates a group of people to connect, inform, and inspire others across the globe and acts as a distribution platform. The Marriot Resort Stellaris Casino in Puerto Rico uses YouTube to let guests record a 30-second video postcard to send to friends and family through the resort’s YouTube channel. A hotel can use the youtube to promote their own website by sharing and uploading videos of own hotel. 6. What is cloud Computing and explain how it can be used for the hospitality industry? The service provided on internet with the use of computing resources (hardware and software) are called as cloud computing. All data that is being accessed are usually saved in servers, which are in accessible by any unauthorized user. This allows enterprise to maintain faster service and less maintenance from IT. Technology has advanced rapidly in the last couple of years that now it is possible for almost any device to quickly connect with a cloud service and access the information required. The â€Å"cloud computing† concept minimizes the upfront cost of infrastructure and allows the enterprise focus on project, which will differentiate the business itself rather than the infrastructure which will be avoided. Many author have made the attempt to describe it, Buyya et al. efined it as a â€Å"cloud is a parallel and distributed computing system consisting of a collection of inter-connected and virtualised computer that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on a service level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumer. † The key characteristic of cloud computing are: (1) illusion of non ending computing resources, (2) with the use cloud computers up- front commitment is eliminated, (3) ability to pay for use as needed, (4) self service interface and (5) resources that are virtualised. The concept of Cloud computing had benefited the hospitality industry in many ways, such as: A hotel can eliminate the large upfront costs from acquiring computational assets and the typical time delay in building out and developing computer software app. By eliminating upfront cost hotel can save its precious capital to take future business decisions. It allows user to access system through web browser from anywhere at any time, user can access through any device, like pc, laptops, mobile etc. with the use of internet. It improve the business performance and the service delivery, the maintenance cost of cloud computing is very low. Some other benefits which a hotel can get from cloud computing includes low upfront costs, minimal IT infrastructures and easy access across multiple properties. Cloud has a pay-as-you-go service requires minimal investment and offers better technology at a lower cost. 1. Social media 2. 0 Successful social media programs that have value meld top technology and sales best practices By Gina LaVecchia Ragone 2. Social Media the Hospitality Industry by Forest Time, Demand Media . M. Miller, Cloud Computing: Web-based applications that change the way you work and collaborate online, Que, 2008. 4. R. Buyya, C. S. Yeo, and S Venugopal, Market-oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering IT services as computing utilities, in Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2008, IEEE CS Press, L os Alamitos, CA, USA), Dalian, China, September 2527, 2008. 5. Khan, K. M. , Malluhi, Q. (2010). Establishing trust in cloud computing. IT Professional Magazine, 12(5), 20-27. How to cite Hospitality Information Technology Strategy, Essays

Capital Punishment Crime Rate

Question: Discuss about theCapital Punishmentfor Crime Rate. Answer: Introduction The article which is discussed in this paper is on the impact of capital punishment on the society as provided by the Northwestern University School of Law. The article provides the effects of capital punishment on the society along with the cost the authorities have to bear in order to maintain capital punishment. According to the article there are no benefits of capital punishment and when it comes to cost of maintaining it it is very high as compared to the other form of punishments. The article provides principle arguments against the concept of capital punishment rebutting the concept provided by cases which show that capital punishment works in practice and not theory. The article presents the argument that death penalties have no effect on the crime rate and on the other hand it has caused murders and initiated a violent cycle thorough which murder rates are increased. According to the article maintaining death penalties are far more costly as compared to punishments like life imprisonment. The article also argues that many individuals have been victims of wrongful prosecution and have been killed on the basis of serendipitous discovery with respect to evidence not presented during the trial and there is no doubt that innocent individuals have lost their lives due to capital punishment. The death penalty is reserved for very rare crimes but practically is used for most crimes involving murders. Equality in capital punishment is just available in theory and ra cial discrimination is evident when the punishment is applied. The article verifies each argument provided by it through the use of hypothesis. The first argument related to deterrence is verified by the Charles walker case. The arguments in relation to the cost of maintaining the punishment is proved by providing statistics of capital punishment cost and comparing it to that of life imprisonment. The arguments in relation to evidence is proved by stating the facts of the case of Furman v. Georgia 1972. The concept of capital punishment is very significant to the society as human life is precious. Capital punishment not only fails to deter crime but also threatens the safety of the innocent individuals who have been subjected to malicious prosecution. It is true that the individuals who have committed the grievous crime of murder are liable to be punished and the family member of the deceased are entitled to justice however capital punishment cannot be the solution to this problem. In simple language capital punishment is morally deficient in the human society.

Analysis of Continuum by Allen Curnow Essay Example For Students

Analysis of Continuum by Allen Curnow Essay Continuum, by Allen Curnow, is a unique poem that explores very interesting themes regarding writing and thought. The poem revolves around a poets inability to find inspiration and ideas for a poem and highlights themes like Poetic Inspiration, Writers block and the ebb and flow of thought.  Poetic inspiration is an essential part of writing poetry and in Continuum, Curnow attempts to get his motivation from the environment and the night sky. He conveys the necessity for poetic inspiration very effectively through his own desperate attempt to find ideas and inspiration Writers block, the condition of being unable to think of what to write or how to proceed with writing, is a compelling issue faced by many writers. In Continuum, we get a glimpse of what it really is like. This is a major problem for Curnow as he struggles to find ideas for his poem.  The final theme of the ebb and flow of thought is beautifully portrayed in the Continuum where the poet acquires ideas but they swiftly slip away with the change of his mood. It implies the mercurial quality of mind and shows the quick discovery and disappearance of thoughts. The title, Continuum, suggests a tedious, unrelenting cycle; an unceasing, arduous series which is the process of writing a poem. It is the acquisition and the abating of ideas that goes on again and again. The title is very fitting and a good exposition to the poem.  The structure of Continuum tends to reflect the content of it. The absence of a rhyme scheme shows disorganization and vagueness of the poet’s thoughts. Curnow also uses the technique, enjambment, wherein the last line of a verse runs into the first line of the next verse. This shows discontinuity and unsteadiness in his thoughts. The overall structure of continuum adds to the theme of writer’s block and to the ebb and flow of thought. The literary devices that Curnow uses in Continuum are potent and effective. Curnow uses a lot of imagery: â€Å"the moon rolls over the roof and falls behind†. It provides a creative vision that strikes as poetic and imaginative. However, he breaks the poetry with a confession that it is simply himself rolling off the roof. This facilitates a contrast between his artistic soul and his practical self and also illustrates the theme of writer’s block.  He also uses tactile imagery in â€Å"the chill of the planking underfoot rises†. The imagery reiterates his failure as a cold and sinister feeling that sends him retreating after his disappointment. He uses alliteration in the 2nd verse in â€Å"better barefoot it out†. This creates a poetic effect that comes and goes with his unsteady stream of thought. Curnow uses the sky as a metaphor for his mind, which is a very long and continued metaphor. The moon represents his thoughts and hence it rolls off the roof to illustrate its inconsistency, the â€Å"bright, dusted clouds† are his ideas that float around in his head. The wind is his mood that blows this way or that, taking the ideas with them. The usage of the sky as a metaphor for his mind insinuates the theme of poetic inspiration. Curnow also uses metaphors in the last verse to communicate his failure in finding inspiration. â€Å"Picks up his litter and his tools†. The litter is a metaphor for his failed ideas and his tools are a metaphor for his mind that analyses the ideas. This emphasizes his defeat due to lack of substantial inspiration.  Overall, I feel that Allen Curnow has infused many profound themes in Continuum very effectively. His effective use and of title, structure and literary devices all accentuate the themes and make them very powerful.

Sample of an Essay With a Template For Grad School

Sample of an Essay With a Template For Grad SchoolA sample of an essay with a template for grad school is the most important thing that a student can have. It would be helpful for them to know what it means and why they need to write it. This piece is going to present the key points that you need to know so that you will be able to write this type of essay.The thesis statement is very important in grad school essays. This statement is the most important part of the essay and it needs to be very powerful. If you do not have anything to talk about or nothing to talk about, then you should find something to talk about. It is your thesis statement that is going to define you as a student. It is your defining statement of who you are as a person and this will help your classmates as well as professors assess your intellectual capabilities.The writing format for a thesis statement is really an important part because it will define you as a writer. In fact, you cannot do this on paper, you will need to write it on paper. This is why it is important that you learn how to use a sample of an essay with a template for grad school. The paper will guide you in writing this statement and will also provide you with some great examples that will make you think of something new.One of the examples of an example essay that is going to help you is a paper about a person that lived somewhere in the world that you would like to know more about. There are many different types of people that you would want to know more about. You have to decide what type of person you would like to know more about. There are many different ways that you can research and this would include a paper about what makes someone a doctor.When you are researching this person, you would like to know what makes this person a doctor, what makes him/her a doctor, and how does this person become a doctor. With a sample of an essay with a template for grad school, you will be able to research this person because yo u will know exactly what this person is all about. Using a sample of an essay with a template for grad school will also make you think of something else.Researching this person will help you write the rest of the essay that will help you become a doctor. In this type of essay, you will be able to add something else to the thesis statement that will make it unique. By learning about this person, you will be able to add this special something to the thesis statement. Your thesis statement can only get better if you write about the person that you want to know more about.Use a sample essay with a template for grad school to help you find something new. Find out what you would like to know about this person and what makes this person a doctor.

5 Most Influential People In American History Essays -

5 Most Influential People In American History The United Sates has had a short yet complex history in its two hundred and twenty-four years. She has produced millions and millions of great individuals. These great minds have shaped what America is today. Others, however, have personally molded this magnificent nation with their own acts. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson are the most influential builders of the United States of America. John Adams was born loyal to the English Crown but evolved into the second President of the Free World. As a lawyer, Adams emerged into politics as an opponent of the Stamp Act and was a leader in the Revolutionary group opposing the British measures that were to lead to the American Revolution. Sent to the First Continental Congress, he distinguished himself, and in the Second Continental Congress he was a moderate but forceful revolutionary. He proposed George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental troops to bind Virginia more tightly to the cause for independence. He favored the Declaration of Independence, was a member of the drafting committee, and argued eloquently for it. Adams was one of the negotiators who drew up the momentous Treaty of Paris to end the American Revolution. Adams diplomatic skills brought him much political fame. Thomas Jefferson, although never effective as a public speaker, won a reputation as a draftsman of resolutions and addresses. In the colonial House of Burgesses Jefferson was a leader of the patriot faction. He helped form, and became a member of, the Virginia Committee of Correspondence. In his paper A Summary View of the Rights of British America, prepared for the First Virginia Convention, he brilliantly expounded the view that Parliament had no authority in the colonies and that the only bond with England was that of voluntary allegiance to the king. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, he served as a member of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence. That historic document, except for minor alterations by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin and others made on the floor of Congress, was wholly the work of Jefferson. In 1783 he was again in the Continental Congress where he drafted a plan for a decimal system of coinage based on the dollar and drew up a proposed ordinance for the government of the Northwest Territory, which, although not then adopted, was the basis for the very important Ordinance of 1787. Though absent when the Constitution was drafted and adopted, Jefferson gave his support to a stronger central government and to the Constitution, particularly with the addition of the Bill of Rights. Jefferson was the first President inaugurated in Washington, a city he had helped to plan. He believed that the Federal government should be concerned mostly with foreign affairs, leaving the states and local governments free to administer local matters. Despite his contention that the Constitution must be interpreted strictly, he pushed through the Louisiana Purchase, even though such an action was nowhere expressly authorized. His eager interest in the West and in exploration had already led him to plan and organize the Lewis and Clark expedition. Jefferson led a slanderous yet substantial life. John Marshalls brilliant skill in argument made him one of the most esteemed of the many great lawyers of Virginia. A defender of the new U.S. Constitution at the Virginia ratifying convention, Marshall later staunchly supported the Federalist administration. He accepted appointment as one of the commissioners to France in the diplomatic dispute that ended in the XYZ Affair. Marshall's effectiveness there made him a popular figure. In his long service on the bench, Marshall raised the Supreme Court from an anomalous position in the Federal scheme to power and majesty, and he molded the Constitution by the breadth and wisdom of his interpretation; he eminently deserves the appellation the Great Chief Justice. He dominated the court equally by his personality and his ability, and his achievements were made in spite of strong disagreements with Jefferson and later Presidents. He made incontrovertible the previously uncertain right of the Supreme Court to review Federal and state laws and to pronounce final judgment on their constitutionality. He viewed the Constitution on the

Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix

Today we are looking at GM’s Saturn division and its product mix. I will describe the mix and talk to their strategy for their product line. I will also show how Saturn organized its product in relation to some of its competition. Saturn provides a lineup of American-made cars, focusing on value and customer needs. The vehicles tend to be smaller, are built with dent preventing polymers instead of sheet metal and are sold at a pre-set â€Å"no-haggle† price. Saturn’s product mix for vehicles is structured with a width or breadth of 6 product lines. Saturn also keeps their product length very short. The longest line is the VUE with four models. Most of their vehicles are restricted to two models. These vehicle groups are: 1. Saturn’s S-Series Sedans, the first car released and their most basic vehicle. This is a reliable car at an affordable price that comes in three models, the SL, the SL1 and the SL2. 2. Saturn’s 3-Door Coupe, a sporty hatch back vehicle that makes the most of its interior room with a unique 3d door to allow adults into the back seat. This vehicle comes in two models, the SC1 and SC2. 3. Saturn’s L-Series Sedans, a more luxurious vehicle with more options. This vehicle comes in two models, the L200 and the L300. 4. Saturn’s L-Series Wagons, the only station wagon in Saturn’s lineup. This vehicle comes in two models, the LW200 and the LW300. 5. Saturn’s VUE, their sport utility vehicle created to compete in that hot market. This vehicle comes in four models, the FWD 4, the FWD 6, the AWD 4, and the AWD 6. 6. Saturn’s newest release, the ION Sedan that will replace the S-Series cars. â€Å"The two ION models are completely new from the ground up and offer surprising refinement for the small-car segment. Even the name is new, since they replace the pioneering S-Series in the Saturn lineup. Both the four-door sedan and the "quad coupe" - so-called because of its dual rear-access doors (R... Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix Free Essays on GM’s Saturn Division And Its Product Mix Today we are looking at GM’s Saturn division and its product mix. I will describe the mix and talk to their strategy for their product line. I will also show how Saturn organized its product in relation to some of its competition. Saturn provides a lineup of American-made cars, focusing on value and customer needs. The vehicles tend to be smaller, are built with dent preventing polymers instead of sheet metal and are sold at a pre-set â€Å"no-haggle† price. Saturn’s product mix for vehicles is structured with a width or breadth of 6 product lines. Saturn also keeps their product length very short. The longest line is the VUE with four models. Most of their vehicles are restricted to two models. These vehicle groups are: 1. Saturn’s S-Series Sedans, the first car released and their most basic vehicle. This is a reliable car at an affordable price that comes in three models, the SL, the SL1 and the SL2. 2. Saturn’s 3-Door Coupe, a sporty hatch back vehicle that makes the most of its interior room with a unique 3d door to allow adults into the back seat. This vehicle comes in two models, the SC1 and SC2. 3. Saturn’s L-Series Sedans, a more luxurious vehicle with more options. This vehicle comes in two models, the L200 and the L300. 4. Saturn’s L-Series Wagons, the only station wagon in Saturn’s lineup. This vehicle comes in two models, the LW200 and the LW300. 5. Saturn’s VUE, their sport utility vehicle created to compete in that hot market. This vehicle comes in four models, the FWD 4, the FWD 6, the AWD 4, and the AWD 6. 6. Saturn’s newest release, the ION Sedan that will replace the S-Series cars. â€Å"The two ION models are completely new from the ground up and offer surprising refinement for the small-car segment. Even the name is new, since they replace the pioneering S-Series in the Saturn lineup. Both the four-door sedan and the "quad coupe" - so-called because of its dual rear-access doors (R...

Factors That Lead To Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Essay

Factors That Lead To Smoking and Alcohol Consumption - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that many articles, books, and documentaries have been written about the advantages and disadvantages of drinking and smoking. The contradiction that exists between the pros and cons is what struck hard. While many concerned scholars have researched on the negative effects of drinking and smoking, a whole lot of others have come up with theories that try to explain the benefits of nicotine found in cigarettes and the positive effects of alcohol. It pains the author when he sees how cigarette manufacturing companies continue manufacturing the same, knowing pretty well of the effects. After thinking about these things, the researcher decided to research and writes nothing but the whole truth regarding alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The writing process was not easy. This is because there is a whole lot of literature written regarding these two topics. The author, therefore, had to go an extra mile to ensure that he does not repeat wh at is already known. This, therefore, called for him to do an extensive research, in order to identify what was not covered by those who went before the author. The researcher finds these two topics to be the most appropriate for his project because of how closely they relate to each other, in that before consuming alcohol or smoking cigarette, one is motivated or compelled by something or someone. Nicotine and alcohol are among the most highly abused substances in the contemporary society. The effects might not be instant, but they do take their toll on the consumer’s body ultimately. Alcohol is known by many as the sole cause of liver cirrhosis. On the other hand, lung cancer is directly an effect of excessive cigarette smoking. These are just but a few of the major negative effects.

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why Essay

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why these needs are of relevance to the wider community - Essay Example However as the population of prisoners increase by day, the conditions surrounding the imprisoned in the country have deteriorated. There is a need for better health care in prisons and for an improvement in the prisoners’ general life inside bars. The National Health Service for example has recently got the mandate to look into matters of health care for prisoners taking over this duty from the prison service (Williamson 2006). This is a good call since there is admittedly a need to look into social and health issues of the prisoners. This paper will discuss the social and health needs of the prisoners in the United Kingdom and the reasons as to why the needs are relevant to the wider community. There is a wide spread concern that the rules and regimes of the prison environment could have detrimental impacts on the mental health of the prisoners and especially those with mental illnesses already. It is also well documented that the incidences of psychiatric morbidity and subs tance abuse is higher among the prisoners than the general public. Thus with the growing population, there are now more people with mental illnesses in the prisons than ever before (Harris, Hek and Condon 2007). The overcrowding, separation from family and friends, loss of autonomy and boredom are potentially detrimental to the mental stability of the prisoners. There is therefore a need to improve the state of mental healthcare so as to get to the main of objectives of the prisons to be anti-therapeutic environments. There is a need to really care for the prisoners from reception through to discharge mentally so as to improve their perceptions in the quality of their lives. The staff administering mental healthcare inside the prisons should have extra training to identify the prisoners who need extra support, those with history of mental illness and those who will be on remand for a long time (Brooker 2009). The population of the prisons in England and Wales has doubled in the last 20 years thus making the prisons to overcrowd. Overcrowding is the state where a prison contains more prisoners than the establishment’s CNA (Certified Normal Accommodation). THE United Kingdom has the highest percentage of overcrowding in Europe. The overcrowding leads to enormous burdens on the staff making it difficult to offer adequate resources to the offenders. This exacerbates tension and frustration levels by prisoners leading to higher risks of violence. This leaves prisoners under the danger of being hurt or killed. It also deteriorates the living conditions where inmates eat, sleep and even defecate in the cell, like in the case of Bedford, a condition which leaves them to the danger of infections. The overcrowding also denies some prisoners the access to education, training and work. This is because there is a high demand due to the high population. Overcrowding also brings difficulties in mental, drug and alcohol abuse treatment services. It is also expensive an d increases the risk of a prisoner to committing crimes after release due to the above inconveniences (Singleton et al 1998). Some of the prisoners are fathers and mothers. This means that they are forced to combine serving their sentences and parenting. Their families therefore need support from the society and the administration. Their kids are especially at risks of experiencing poverty, mental illnesses, poor housing and more negative incomes. Most children with parents in prison will most likely go on to offend. There are also the

The Culture Of Creativity And Innovation Commerce Essay

The Culture Of Creativity And Innovation Commerce Essay Creativity and innovation are two inherent qualities human possess that may not be embedded in each and every individual. An organization acquires staff and individual with various different attributes. However, creativity, for one, may not be amongst their major attribute. I believe that it is not easy for an organization to create a culture of creativity and innovation in an organization due to the diversity among members and the organizational identity but it is not impossible either. Depending on the existing organization culture with an evolving organizational identity and using proper language and discursive elements to bring cultural incrementalism, a culture of creativity and innovation in an organization is achievable. A culture of creativity and innovation in an organization can be created by providing staff of the organization proper understanding of the goals and objective and creating an environment to try new ideas and the right to freedom and get support. I believe that simply implementing theories to an organization wont make it creative or innovative. In order to create a culture of creativity and innovation in an organization, the organization needs to understand the behaviour of the people and needs to be open to new ideas and the changes these ideas generate. In this essay, I have tried to focus on implementing culture of creativity into organizations whilst evaluating existing organizational structure and culture. All the theories discussed and argued will be based upon creativity for an organization. The Weberian Thought and Taylorism along with models of organizational structures have been analyzed to understand how people are provided with authority and how they behave in an organization. HAS and IS approach has been compared alongside Darwins Theory of Evolution to put light into the theory of creativity. In order to implement a new concept of creativity and bring change, Kanter, Stein Jicks Big 3 Model of Change and Lewins Model for organizational change has been compared and contrasted. Organizational Culture is an outcome of cultural processes at work in a particular setting and focuses on people and the shared meaning within them. An organization with a strong culture may find it difficult to adapt with changes. If they want to bring a culture of creativity then the organization may find it hard to cope with it. A strong culture will have people with commonalities and may lack diversity which is essential in generating new and different ideas. However, subcultures can exist in such organization with strong culture which may bring creativity as a result of diversity. Such divisions are responsible for giving a different option or a direction to the organization which can result to new frontiers. Diversity is an integral element of an organizations culture. A manager has to be aware of the differences that exist among various employees working in the organization. People in an organization do not always come from the same background. A manager needs to be aware of the differences between the employees in order to create a friendly working environment. Organization, today, has come a long way from the classical approach of Max Weber (Bureaucracy and rationality) and F.W. Taylor (Division of Labour and Scientific Management). Humans are appendage of industrial machines. Humans can be programmed to perform according to loads, pace and fatigue-Max Weber. In order to establish a creative culture, people need to be given freedom to think and work. Webers theory will bring restrictions on the way people think and work by comparing human with machines. Similarly, Taylors Scientific Mangement theory suggests that certain knowledge, belief needs to be predetermined to create a culture. However, creativity cant be moulded by certain rules and regulations. In such a case, the result would not be original and hence, not creative. Darwins Theory of Evolution states that culture is a process of cultivation, i.e., the improvement of human condition which helps create a creative culture as it focuses on betterment of the human condition. Similarly , HAS and IS Approach provides further light towards organizational culture. HAS approach states that culture is constructed by basic assumptions where as IS approach starts from a clean slate where culture is not defined which can help the creativity flourish as there are no boundaries that needs to be met by the people. In recent times, a symbolic-interpretative approach or a postmodern approach is more popular where people and their behaviour are given importance and actions carried out based on them. A symbolic-interpretative approach would create meaning by associating with human through shared values, traditions and customs whereas the Postmodern approach is where managers are artist in themselves who are open to new ideas and based upon these knowledge and understanding come up with a new perspective with reference to the past. The diagram below shows different elements which collectively form a culture. In order to create a creative and innovative culture in an organization, all the elements need to embrace creativity and work accordingly. Creativity injected in these elements will eventually exude the creative culture of the organization. An artifact who would like to be a symbol of the organisation Organizational structure shows the relationship between members within the organization and the distribution of responsibilities and ultimately power. An organizational structure doesnt necessarily influence the organizational culture. An organization may have a strong, bureaucratic culture or a creative culture regardless of the hierarchical structure. In large organization such as Apple, a creative culture exists despite a hierarchical organizational structure. However, creativity needs to fulfil the goals and objectives of the organization and proper communication is necessary between the staff and the managers. So, a flat organizational structure would help in better communication and instant reaction to any changes even if the organization has a Top-Down hierarchy. Organizational Control helps to create an order to the activities carried out in an organization but it can affect the creativity of an organization as the essence of creativity is freedom and we know that organizational control is quite the opposite. The level of control needs to be determined in such a way that it wont hamper the creativity of the staff. In order to create a creative environment, the control needs to be decentralized. Even though managers are in charge, the employees need to have space to come up with ideas without being controlled. Page 345, teamwork and a concern with employee creativity. Language in the form of narrative and storytelling is essential in shaping a culture of an organization. Narration is bringing experience or sequence of episodes coherently into language. From stories we derive meaning, knowledge and experience, and as a result, we are able to understand our own and others existence. Narration helps improve communication between the manager and the employee resulting to better productivity. It even helps to improve quality of management and leadership and understand the direction the organization wants to take in the future. Stories can help people understand and get new ideas which will create a creative and innovative environment. People can relate to characters of the narration and learn from the events. For eg, learning about how Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computers, works can inspire people to come up with new ideas and be more innovative. Organizational Change occurs when a new system is introduced and implemented. It is not easy to bring change to an organization. Changing any functioning of the organization will have to change the perception and attitude of the people as well. Such changes need to be handled delicately without upsetting any party. Cultural Change in organizations can be of three types: Apparent Change, Revolutionary Change and Cultural Change. Apparent Change adapts while preserving its identity whereas Revolutionary change is brought about by outsiders by destroying old ones and creating a completely new culture. However, if creative culture needs to be created, Cultural Incrementalism is a good choice. It incorporates the old culture from narratives along with new ideas to come up with a new culture. In our case, changing the way the people work by providing more freedom or brainstorming and discussion sessions incorporated in an existing culture results to cultural incrementalism and hence, a cre ative culture. There are various theories on how change can be managed. Lewins Model: Unfreezing, Change, Refreezing is one of the most popular theorys for managing change in an organization. However, we are focused on changing the culture into a creative culture. For this purpose, Big 3 Model of Change is appropriate rather than Lewins Model. Lewins Model is effective but it focuses more on the manufacturing and operational side of the organization and doesnt take into account the human perspective. It plans and directs change. However, creativity in an organization cant be planned or directed. Big 3 Model of Change focuses on change can be managed by responding, harnessing and provoking change. According to this model, there are three forces of change: Macroevolutionary (Environmental Level), Microevolutionary (Organisational Level) and Political (Individual Level). This model has been criticised to be too broad but due to its inclusion of behaviour of people at different level and responding acc ordingly, makes it a better option towards managing change than Lewins Model. While creating a creative and innovative culture, a manager should not stray away from the identity of the organization. A creative culture may not be suitable for all types of organization. The working environment needs to be understood before changing or creating a culture and the change needs to align with the identity of the organization. For eg, In a Cafe, creativity has very less to do. The employee has to perform task that is routine and there is no room for improvement in terms of creativity. The identity of the cafe is to provide good service to customers. Albert and Whetten beleive that organizational identity has central, distinctive and enduring features. However, Gioia, Schultz and Corley argue that the organizations identity is fluid and not stable. Balmer emphasises on using evolving rather than enduring because these school of thought believe that even the organizational identity doesnt always remain the same and keeps on evolving with time and environment. Culture an d Identity of an organization go hand in hand and Michael Wood has stated, Identity is not something genetic, safe and secure. It is shaped by history and culture: it is about group feeling; allegiance to the state, but in an open society that can be wide and inclusive. It is always in the making and never made. So, if the organization needs to create an innovative and creative culture, the identity can be moulded accordingly. Example: Creative Industry of Jewellery Design. I interviewed a friend, AKG, who assists her father in a family business in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization is a family business which is basically a jewellery design outsourcing company for various jewellery shops in Kathmandu. The organization was started by her grandfather 34 years ago, to employ people with a passion for their art-jewel crafting while utilising their abilities to their benefits therefore benefitting the organisation. The people hired were people that were fired by her grandfathers friends because they didnt craft the jewellery according to the specified designs. This gave her grandfather the opportunity to bring the best out of his employees in terms of creativity who believed that happy people make better employees. The organization has AKGs father as in-charge and 14 artisans who were hired by her grandfather. These artisans are responsible for coming up with ideas or working on ideas provided to them by the clients. The designs or ideas from clients are translated to the artisans as some are stories and some are an old piece and brainstorming sessions are carried out to understand the story more deeply. Then this raw idea is given to all 14 artisans along with the old piece or the story. They translate it however they think is best. So, by the end of the time given, AKG and her father along with the 14 artisans come together, discuss and look through all the designs. Then, among the 16 people, voting is carried out and sometimes there is a clear winner. However, at times all the 14 translations are sent to the clients to pick the best which makes it much simpler and the winning craftsman receives 35% of the sales proceeds! All 14 artisans work in the workshops at their home. They work separately and each idea and design is unique. They joined this family business because they were able to express themselves and not work under any restrictions. Before, they had to design what was told by the client or the owner and their own idea would not be given value. But now, they can use their creativity and imagination and work on the designs providing a style of their own. However, despite giving these artisans freedom to come up with new ideas, the manager says it is important to keep sidelines. AKG says. When you have such a thing, you got to keep sidelines. They cant just go tinkering around with everything. We do encourage creativity but its got to be marketable and what we ask of them is to judge for themselves if they would be attracted by the design if they say it in a store. The above example is based on a family business which is different from regular corporations. This firm can be classified as a creative industry due to the nature of work. The organization has a flat structure with the manager looking after the 14 artisans and dealing with clients. Due to the group of artisans working for the company for more than 30 years, a culture has been set on how tasks are carried out. Artisans were hired due to their skills of creativity and with an agreement of freedom to go beyond boundaries and try out new things. Having said that, goals and objectives are predetermined and a basic criterion is set which will fulfil the basic demand of the client. Creativity is the organizational identity for this company and it is reflected in the organizational culture as well. The artisans are able to use their skills without compromising on their creativity. The opportunity to work at their own workshops gives them freedom. Hence, this is an organization based around c reativity of the skilful workers where they are given freedom to come up with new ideas that goes along the story provided by the clients. The added incentive makes the workplace more competitive which will motivate artisans to come up with their best work as per customers requirement. This organization depicts an existing creativity culture which was possible due to the identity that was set when the firm was established. The organizational culture of this firm can be seen as IS approach of the organizational culture as the culture was created and it centred on the creation of meaning. Here, the meaning was freedom to creativity for better satisfaction to the workers. This culture of creativity opposes the Classical approach and Webers Bureaucracy theories. Instead of specialising and setting formal rules and regulations, the artisans were given the freedom to work at their workshops and be creative. So, for a culture of creativity to exist, the organizational structure needs to be flexible and interactive and creativity needs to be an element of the organizational identity. The creative is the place where no one else has ever been. You have to leave the city of your comfort and go into the wilderness of your intuition. What youll discover will be wonderful. What youll discover is yourself.- Alan Alda.